FOXO
FOXO transcription factors (Forkhead box O) are downstream effectors of the insulin/IGF-1 pathway that regulate genes governing stress resistance, DNA repair, autophagy, and antioxidant defense. When insulin/IGF-1 signaling is low, FOXO enters the nucleus and activates protective transcriptional programs. FOXO3 variants are among the most reproducibly associated genetic markers of human exceptional longevity, observed across centenarian cohorts in multiple ethnicities.
