Time-restricted eating

Time-restricted eating (TRE) confines daily food intake to a consistent window of typically 6–10 hours, leaving 14–18 hours of fasting. The concept emerged from Satchin Panda's circadian biology lab at the Salk Institute. Some trials report improved insulin sensitivity, lipids, and blood pressure independent of calorie reduction; others, including Liu et al. (NEJM 2022), found no advantage of TRE over caloric restriction. Early-window TRE may be preferable, but the evidence remains preliminary.